![]() ![]() ![]() The mechanisms underlying the alopecia are not fully understood, but the pathological progression results in the disintegration of the follicular unit and a permanent loss of ability to produce hair fiber. ![]() Hair loss often causes the most severe psychological distress in both sexes at the onset of symptoms and negatively affects self-image and self-esteem of the patient. *Address all correspondence to: and IntroductionĪlopecia, also known as baldness or hair loss, refers to the partial or complete loss of hair over the body, although the hair loss over the head may be the most concerned issue among a large number of people who pursue medical assistance. Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China.Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital, Xiamen University, China.Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China.As the efficacy of medication treatment against the cicatricial alopecia varies significantly, autologous hair transplantation is recommended to patients who have a relatively stable primary or a secondary cicatricial alopecia. In clinical practice, the lymphocyte-predominant lesions are treated with immunosuppressive agents, whereas the neutrophil-predominant lesions are treated with antimicrobials or dapsone. In principle, the primary goal of the treatment aims to attenuate the progression of the inflammatory and the scarring processes at the earliest phase of the disease. Permanent hair loss may also occur in the late phases of some nonscarring alopecias that are called “biphasic alopecias.” Based on the pathological characteristics, the lesions of primary cicatricial alopecia are divided into lymphocyte-predominant subgroup, neutrophil-predominant subgroup, or mixed subgroup. ![]() Cicatricial alopecia is classified into two categories, namely primary cicatricial alopecia, in which the hair follicle is the sole target of a progressive inflammatory process in a group of diverse skin or systemic diseases, and secondary cicatricial alopecia, referring to the hair follicle destruction as a result of a nonspecific disruption of the dermis. Cicatricial alopecia represents a group of disorders sharing a final pathway of destruction followed by replacement with fibrous tissue of the hair follicle unit. ![]()
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